Fusion within Stars

Feb 12, 2023 starting back at this, just a couple of links

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fusion_experiments

see projects and organizations this site frozen in 2021 but still good list https://www.fusionenergybase.com/

Below is 2021

UNIVERSE: Shortly after the universe formed 13 billion years ago, the first three elements of our periodic table formed, and the percentages were: hydrogen 75%, helium 24%, lithium 3%.  When our Sun formed 8 billion years later, our Solar System contained very close to the same percentages, plus about 1% of all the remaining 91 elements we find on our periodic table, which were created within other stars that then blew up in the first 8 billion years and spewed those elements into our cloud of gas which became our Solar System.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table

Where did all the elements come from?

Periodic table of the elements page:  xxxxxx (later)

OUR SUN: The fusion occurring in our Sun’s core is slowly combining hydrogen into helium which generates a tremendous amount of energy, so that at the center of the core, it is now 40% hydrogen and 60% helium, and at the outer edge of the core it is 70% hydrogen and 30% helium. In about 5 billion years most of the hydrogen will have fused (or “burned”) into helium, and the Sun will have run out of most of it’s fuel to create energy and then expand to a Red Giant.

I will be “doing the math” on hydrogen and helium, looking at the various properties of  one cubic meter of it. For starters, one cubic meter of liquid hydrogen at standard temperature is quite light…only 70 kilograms. But the hydrogen and helium mix at the Sun’s core is compressed about 64 times denser than that and is about 17 times denser than lead. So is it like “hydrogen steel”? What is the viscosity? Is it very stiff and the whole core rotating like a giant block of stone, or is there some or any turbulence within it?  All stuff I tend to look up and document. I want a clear picture of the nature of the core and what the conditions are for nuclear fusion. One cubic meter of this stuff gives off about the equivilant of two 100 watt lightbulbs. Here is a Google Sheet I created by copy and paste from Wikipedia, then will use the numbers for further elaboration.

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1Xv0eJZgTKqQB5k9ES2OjY-bVYaaSLSplpJsLAkK1Y8o/edit#gid=0

OTHER STARS SLOWLY FUSING: Since our Sun is not a very large star, there is not enough total mass to compress the core with enough pressure to create fusion of helium to heavier elements like carbon, nitrogen, or silicon.

OTHER STARS BLOWING UP:

Notes to myself…need to create a page that explains how this overall site is organized as a hierarchically linked tree of WordPress PAGES, and not a sequential series of POSTS (which I may put in a totally separate WordPress SITE for non-fusion related topics.)

Move this explanation to a sub-page…This page is intended to explain how fusion works within stars. I will be including as many links to other sources as possible to avoid duplicating, and keep this narrative at hopefully a grade 5 to grade 10 reading comprehension level. I may split off a sub-page about the periodic table of the elements at some point, but these explanations and links will be included at this level for now. I am using approximations for numbers and will leave the arguments for more accurate numbers to the experts in the other sources. I am trying to tell the story as briefly and simply as possible, and keep the more advanced details in additional sub-pages with links placed in hopefully the correct point in this main page. All of my sources are internet-based, and most of these go into great scientific detail which causes most readers to quit. I am attempting to pull out the essential overview information into a condensed explanation, and provide links in the correct places to expand. I look for sites that do not contain ads, like wikipedia, or want to know your location, or establish some sort of relationship with the reader.

Ultimately, I would like to present a reader with an additional view which is a condensed page of the heirarchy of all of my pages which indicates which ones each reader has read by using cookies, like google does with purple colour if you have read a link. That way a reader can jump around, or see new pages.